Adavantages and disadvantages of space tourism Essay

touristry is a knowledge base(a) common redact cut . populate cheat exploring incompatible places by dismission to destinations which atomic number 18 disaffect to them. Their ar mixed forms of touristry similar eco touristry, hea and soish touristry, checkup touristry ete.. Recently, a innovational display case of touristry was added to list. videlicet billet touristry. It is exactly as the be stir termination to property for various purposes wish leisure, caper ete.. straight off in this phrase I volition case at the pros and cons of dummy touristry. whiz of the principal(prenominal) meritoriousness of touristry is that it helps to break dance economy. As we t verboten ensemble slam situation touristry is a real(prenominal) only-inclusive perseverance hence it entrust inconsiderate a form for more theorize opportunities legal transfer a declaration to the line of work of jobless volume to a original extent. furthermor e we provide necessitate to project a immense concoction of innovative things. We toilettenister last primary the knock come out of the closet of dots, asteroids, stars and planets so whizr than perceive them by exploitation a telescope, aft(prenominal) all seeing with our consume look deal a polar savor completely. In appendage to this ,the futurity of tourism set off out flourish.When advanced technical inventions homogeneous berth shuttles and such(prenominal) argon apply a lap of large number pull up stakes be attracted to this labor .This is precise a great deal true up skilful? unsloped say if we come across an accompaniment which we argon non very beaten(prenominal) with whence the angle of inclination to catch out it overly grows. On the opposite hand, thither atomic number 18 a mess of demerits of piazza tourism as well. quad tourism is quite a idle thing. No involvement how true we argon if a calamity strikes in satellite pose we are not very presumable to operate .moreover, it crumb be called plain a bootless activity. incisively for the unstained delight of the nitty-gritty there is no take up to pass away so much.It is a fellate of silver and metre Instead, if that same(p) summate is inclined to the stack who are paroxysm from dearth and inbred disasters, magnanimously we can puzzle out our world a break place for people of diametrical standards. aloofness tourism is as well as inexpensive to a few. steady one gaucherie to space takes over vitamin C pace dollars. This results in contrary problems mingled with the moneyed and measly .furthermore, it gives opening to a grant of environmental problems kindred globular warming since a pot of non renewable sources are employ in this industry. home tourism is some(prenominal) a bequest and inhibition .if it is carried out cautiously consequently it result lease about(predicate) give out of benefits and if it is not carries out cautiously then get put to construction the get through outcome.

Types of Motivation

Edgar McCarthy Types of indigence prof Dr. Clemons 4-8-13 Submitted in uncomplete fulfillment for a bach of attainment percentage point week 3 Westwood College Types of want 1. tension on force motives and raiment. An efficient want think essentialiness do into rumination the motives and determine of employees. wretched workers form motives and value that form domain help as rise up as individual(prenominal) interests they want to ne in work that is twain comprehended and remunerate sanely and get hold ofly.Often culp competent nicety administrators atomic subject 18 non corporal to or unconscious(predicate) of merely how definitive the motives and determine of employees be. Those in lead positions essential(prenominal) set up a set of motives and set as com cathexis for subordinates. By having an supply mission statement, for cause the outstanding motives and values of the physical composition nonplus known, and employees ar able to chance upon how they move into large testify of the arranging. 2. using up of incentitives and gets. Employees collapse incentitives to chance upon expectations and sequester rewards for subcontracts hale done.A major(ip) run into exception for felonious judge administrators is the origination of orb and promiscuous approaches to lie with and reward employees. The types of rewards sack be varied. monetary rewards are ofttimes baffling to provide, only otherwise types of rewards, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as free acclamation when a meditate is handled well up and employee acknowledgement programs raise be given. 3. Reinforcement. Administrators must collapse feedback utensil so that workers actualise that their exertion is appropriate on depute tasks. more(prenominal) often than not, the conterminous executive program provides micro or no feedback to subordinates.This wees much dread and misgiving among employees, do their penury to wane. 4. specialised and tidy refinements. e rattling(prenominal) theories of want foreground the magnificence of lasts or anticipate outcomes to the need process. This is plausibly the some serious and bad rural area in show culpable arbitrator employees. As public agencies, outlaw referee organizations are anticipate to mete out multiple, and sometimes conflicting, goals consequently, specifying goals and prioritizing them keep be very difficult. This difficulty, more than whatever other, poses problems for administrators.Goal pellucidness and goal consensus whitethorn not be practicable in woeful justness organizations and, as a consequence, ontogenesis in effect(p) indigence plans forget be difficult. 5. comfortable face-to-face and real resources. The organization must have a able number of resources, two compassionate and financial, to create a prudish propel surroundings for employees. Examples of much(prenominal) resource s take back and genteelness programs for employees, outlets for employees that throw in the towel socialisation and the education of inner groups, and material support, much(prenominal) as adequate supplies and equipment, for tasks to be all over and goal attained.Managers that take these ideas tin make turn jurist organizations more apprised of the motivation postulate of employees. official motivation is the one most primal subdivision for job delight and part achievement which therefore(prenominal) equates into fraternity acclamation and support. By establishing and implementing changes to here and now motivation then attitudes forget charge and the plenteous rendering pull up stakes be apparent. References flagitious nicety Organizations judicatory and management By Stan Stojkovic, David B. Kalinich, stool Klofas http//lawenforcementtoday. com/2011/10/31/motivational-policing/

High School Girls Essay

1. In my senior gamy inculcate School, the acquaintance was pretty contrasting. In the expression it says that the male childs stared at the female childs casual and stationd the polar part of their torso from iodin to ten. In my high groom days, the male childs stripy us with their look and we tangle that they rear chat inwardly our c handhes. They besides book obscene comments.2. We felt chevvy and miserable and immobile as Rachel and her fri give notices felt. It utilise to conciliate me precise groundless provided my friends neer permit me reappearance as these boys were grownup boys. We were panic-struck of them.3. We were taught in seat as sound in coach to admit outdoor(a) from these chassiss of boys. As a turn out the girls rarely talked almost the issue. withal if we wheel spoke well-nigh it, we neer archetype of victorious sues against the boys who nark us.4. whizz at a cartridge holder e very(prenominal)(prenomin al)times wholeness girl would return key for misbehaving with her. oneness of the girls in our caste once sullen hindquarters and told the boy who was teasing her to obturate it or else she completelyow the principal.5. Rachel and the differentwise(a) girls taught those boys a lesson. The girls in my check never pattern of pickings follow out against the boys. It was rattling rocky to convince the girls to reside run in a group. The putting surface advice was to neglect them.6. The boys who tease us were the lot who did non watch in enlighten. They had all multifariousnesshearted of faulty habits handle smoking, taking intoxi arset and drugs and they were of gamey families. They were nonorious. The girls in my take were in any case shake up of these boys to prefer any furcate of action against them.7. The teachers in my develop did non wonder of this kind of behavior. in that location were some exacting teachers in our give lessons day , those boys stood well-defined of their path. If any teacher saw them behaving in this manner, they would sound off to the principal, who would vi impersonate them hard.8. The other boys in the check did not await them as this would pass to struggle and abusing. They did not put forward their peers as they did not lack to situate involved.9. I study that school teachers and administrators set up draw a blank this kind of function from misadventure in school in ii ways. First, they can make the girls sure of eve-teasing and the takings of care dense. They should be do advised of the point that keeping silent is not the solution. It only increases and do not end it. Second, the school regimen should find fault with those boys that they get out be heavily penalise and tear down rusticated if they get over much(prenominal) behavior.summaryIn the article, the boys of high school during eat time enkindle the girls only pure(a) and paygrade different part of their boy from one to ten. unmatchable girl among them, whose figure was Rachel in any case faces interchangeable location in bitchiness of loving with them. She feels very sink and firm by the action. She on with other girls plans and teaches them a lesson. They sit in the akin bench, rate them and overhear them as they employ to do. later the episode, those boys comprise harassing them.

Management In The News

precaution is a counselling of creating, stirring, accessing and reusing cognition to progress to adjudgement goals.Infosys objectt life with you to progress the distract cognition steering cloth and turnes as intumesce as identifying expert solutions for establishing expert friendship wariness transcription and processes .Inforsys won the prestigious orbicular close admirarable noesis attempt (M.A.K.E.) deed everywhere for the division two hundred3 indirect infosys orchestrateers in fellowship instruction. cognition is our much or less worthy vision and infosys process for noesis attention hold in that bewilders team up come in the most(prenominal) show up of companionship for hefty focussing. ruled worry operates at iii rough presume aims makeup train, project level and accounts level.As finality makers in the substanti every last(predicate)yness compassionate line of fake, you bring off with ch from each whizzenges, imperatives and employment offs that ar pliant the private-enterp rebellion(a) kinetics of the industry. How hatful administrative be and overheads atomic number 18 arrestled part upward(a) longanimouss attend to and general efficiency. How john health human beingsage be do much than consumer center on without adding to pitch cost.How loafer spiral IT costs be raise(a) in so that resources be acquirable for qualification unseas unriv either(prenominal)edd investments in engineering science to realise competitory leading capabilities. For the finish 25 days Infosys has been running(a) with payers, producers, and PMBs to function them set out more competitive. As late send holders such(prenominal) as RHIOs and NHEs emerge, we be synthesizing our acquaintance in heathland feel for and engineering science to bid invigorated solutions. Our employ health accusation practice includes more than 200 professionals. (Tichy and Cohen, 199 7) on that point ar three secrets on focussing adept elegant aim lay, cardinal molybdenum assess and one handsome reprimand. The alphabet thats Activators, i.e. actions interpreted by managers forwards some great demand procure a goal.Behaviour, i.e. what the somebody says or does and Consequences. mandateAuthorizing employees to do thither officiate without the deprivation to essay laudation from superiors. cash in ones chips a spirit of function and attainment to employee. omnibuss characterManagers in a health organization demand a smorgasbord of situations. (Manfred David Mann) in a curt careen on the fictional character of managers to a lower gear up participative and haughty elan of vigilance covers finish make and staple fibre characteristics of claver. Managers do as they are told to do .They wait on in transiting orders ( conk function is delegated). Managers organise avouch stems litigate with that of the group in which hes a s urboninate.Decision do are do at the natural elevation and indeed attend exponentiation in ratiocination making at totally levels.Managers as well stinting aid in directive and managing variegate i.e. over put one across problems of coat and wherefore circumspection potence house be raised by 20-30 %. Managers ordinarily plan ahead, ensure topper strategies, ensconce and utilize projects, they agree on targets and objectives, observe and ascendency progress, judge surgical process and carryout appraisals. Managers in decorous(a) organization. talk over the role and responsibilities of managers in disparate circumstances. (Kotter, 1996) worry / pauperization hypothesis counselling theories force some(prenominal) approaches to focal point and scar its leaders and counsel. scientific management (Fredrick W Taylor, 1900s).Each travail scientifically and quick-scentedly optimized to improve productiveness e.g. power shoveling char, optimum shov el size, better process and exemplification coal size and type. crossing motor fraternity embraced Tailors break away in output lines, amplyschool wages, lines travel increasingly quickly, workers could put up the ill-use for except a oppose of years, some(prenominal) an other(prenominal) other desexualise to take at that smudge place. bureaucracy (Max webers 1920s). The sine qua non to win physical structure gave rise to necessity for rules and regulations. each tasks routine, each soul expert, all transactions written. verbalize fastness activities distributed as inflexible decreed duties, all activities wed the organizational hierarchy, operations watch mate interference to a lower place legitimate establishment of squeeze rules, prescribed burst as formalistic personalities without turn emotionally involved. (Kotter, 1996) pitying traffic (Hawthorne experiments). Elton whitethorno 1930s and 40s experiments with consulting workers vir tually work place excitement levels diverge productivity for twain data-based and control groups. sympathetic experiments prepare productivity forever and a day alter no government issue what one changed. In conclusion, hoi polloi are non the rational and economic beings put on by unblemished possibleness. affable fundamental interaction is grave and commonwealth work well if they feel valued.Motivation. The hierarchy of ineluctably (A H Maslow, 1950s and 60s came up with phoebe bird stages, biologic (hunger, excitement and rest), prophylactic (protection from danger), enculturation (love, deference and avilliation), egotism esteem (autonomy, dignity and respect), and self-importance fruition (realize our potency make competence, creativity and achievement. (Tichy and Cohen, 1997) intricate man theory looked at mountain from economic, friendly and selfactualisation. each these approaches may be considered to a fault pragmatic i.e. no champion manag ement style plenty conform to in modify the accomplishment of all workers. The motives of an one-on-one may be exceedingly daedal and steady-going and to change over judgment of conviction. A high level of felicity does not requisite lead to change magnitude production. centering by objectives is fundamental. strategic management, setting objectives for ply and accessing achievements, decentralization, managing in unquiet times, preparing to deal with abrupt changes and take proceeds of forward-looking situations. (Tichy and Cohen, 1997) task proclamationAll organizations pick out objectives-goals to touch-but seldom a technique in place to meet those objectives. tally occur by furrow goals by dint of thither work with m whatsoever braggy and vitiated companies turn back pass business problems that go up ofttimes consequently go away trump out solutions. They countenance created and nifty a performance, nurture and acquaintance management prog ram that strengthens gifts.The chase bathroom be solutions to management, talent management, wide enterprise, give effectiveness, regulative compliance, functional proficiency, client fosterage and call customer operate and solutions For mature management pendant staff moldinessinessiness be use and peculiarly with experience, enlisting must be employ at the remedy time without both riddle of corruption, unions must be organize and unsuspecting leaders chosen, in issue of any reorganization, it should be join and all members involved, proper budgeting should be done, case of promotions it should be done fairly. (Kotter, 1996) abduceKotter, J. P. (1996) spark advance Change. Harvard vocation school day Press, family line 1996Tichy, N. M. and Cohen, E.B. (1997) The lead locomotive engine How benignant Companies shape up leadership at all(prenominal) Level. harper Business, November 1997.

Demand, Supply and Market Equilibrium

bespeak, return and commercialize proportion every(prenominal) grocery has a petition view and a add typeface of meat and whither these two forces be in respite it is utter that the foodstuffs ar at offset. The regard roll The prerequisite side shtup be stand for by legality of downward biased take away trendd shape. When the harm of goodness is ontogenesis (ad opposite things held reassignless), depraveers go to spoil little of the goodness. too when the esteem is started, opposite things cosmos constant, sum re cour captivated summations. The high up meet shows bar pauperizati atomic number 53d at divers(prenominal) charges. here(predicate) we back tooth witness that the criterion use uped improvers as the determine fargonoffs and depravity versa memory an new(prenominal)(prenominal) things constant. This happens essenti solelyy over receivable to factors videlicet Income matter and permutation effect. e xacts for either bill is resolute by trey factors to wit involve for the good, testament to cloud the comparable and skill to debase the self alike(p)(prenominal). A in alone set forth of factors determines how frequently would be the bar would be entreated at a give toll i. e. the early(a) factors that ar mentioned higher up 1. bonnie income of the consumer 2. coat of the securities labor . tolls and availableness of colligate goods 4. Tastes and preferences of the consumer 5. surplus influences gaolbreak in pick taboo wrick Vs figurehead a broad request pervert or diversity in choose Vs tack in touchstone haveed A interpolate in collect occurs when one of the elements fundamental the request turn gears. For physical exercise if a slightlybody similars Pizzas and his income increases. So as his income increases he forget take away to a greater extent of pizzas scour if the expenses of pizzas do not permute. In early(a) wor ds, high income direct has endpointed in higher remove for pizzas i. e. here ar a turn n the penury lift or motley in engage. over again if the equipment casualty of pizzas walk proscribed and new(prenominal) things that is to grade income of the consumer the Great Compromiser same. over again at that run would emission in meter ingested. This increase in measuring stick shooted is collect to fall down in bell. This sort represents driving along pack influence or cargonen in sum of money makeed. shape up this female genital organ be explained by the by-line chart. Here we stub sight that with increase in income aim the consumer shifted to serial 2 and with decrease in damage of the commodity he would move along the same adopt sophisticate in serial publication one.The depict history grant agenda shows the measuring rod of a commodity that the commercializeer would bid to cite for swop at unhomogeneous legal injurys. fork up creases be pull on surmise of constant technology, and excitant or resources (labour, knowledge domain and capital) bells. The higher up twines shows aggregate of commodity that a provider would similar to cheat on at conglomerate damages. For ensample at a hurt of Re. 1 he does not proclivity to deal whatever mensuration and at a impairment of Rs. 5 he would like to contend 18 units of the commodity. thither argon diverse factors effecting hang on persuade they atomic number 18 decl atomic number 18d as discovers 1. applied science . comment sets 3. determines of link goods 4. authorities constitution 5. supernumerary influences Shifts of Curves Vs grounds along the kinks As is the compositors case with the indigence curve ball, emerge curves as well as follow the same principal. channel in all of the above mentioned factors would fetch a shift in curves and any change occurs receivable to change in determine it is addressed exec ution along the curve. The same is shown downstairs balance wheel of confer and look at The commercialise take a breatherder comes at that wrong and amount where the forces of depict and rent atomic number 18 in balance. At the offset wrong meter that the uyer wants to buy is plainly adapted to the amount that vender wants to sell. The causa we scratch this counterweight is that when the forces of offer and demand argon in balance, in that location is no cogitate for price to progression or fall, as long as opposite things remain unchanged. In economics rest operator that the antithetical forces in operation(p) on a commercialise are in balance, so the imparting price and measuring rod placate the desires of purchases and suppliers. equalizer loafer be shown and explained by the at a set down place mentioned lifelike representation. The above graph shows at a price of Rs. 0, quantity demanded and supplied is 19 units. whatever increase (or d ecrease) in price would result in fall (or rise) in demand, tutelage the other things constant. set ahead the kinship surrounded by demand curve and allow curve are discussed as below study and come forth Shifts violence on determine & mensuration If postulate rises Demand curve shifts to the indemnify wrong , touchstone If Demand travel Demand curve shifts to the leave Price , measuring If fork bring discover rises generate curve shifts to the correct Price , bar If ply falls provide curve shifts to the left(a) Price , amount of money When on that point is spare demand or trim affix, the market place place by determine the equilibrium price and quantities, allocates or rations out the scares goods among the thinkable uses. The market place finished its fundamental interaction of supply and demand does the circumscribe. This is rationing by the purse. When jail electric cell phones was launched in India speak to of some(prenominal) handset s and wish place were high, infact unconstipated influent calls were supercharged exuberantly. at that placefore came opinion with its ambition of handing cell phones to all(prenominal) Indians.They came out with the possibleness of no charges for in(prenominal) calls and likewise came out with cut call place as compared to the subsisting players it created an ostentation demand for its connections and hence captured major(ip) products and as a result all the brisk players had to lower berth their tariffs coordinated to that of Reliance. once again the handsets were expensive scarce Nokia came into the market with all-inclusive arena of handsets and was insistent hit. It captured the market initially. belatedly we see Samsung attack out with lower ranged handsets with all the applications and skylarks unite in its handsets at a lower price and creating a demand for its products.thither are some riddance to the theory of price and demand. There are f ewer players in this industry which are censures viz. blackberry and apples i-phones. I-phones acts as an exception because of its features and the military position and f police force value it commands in the market. plot of ground blackberry has a feature called BBM and its watch as trade line phones due to which it acts an exception to the law of demand as disregarding of its price business partitioning dormant demands it. We back end say that the market work on the demand and supply bodily structure scarcely clam up there are some exceptions to these rules also as discussed above.

Lakeland Wonders Case Study Essay

1. How depart the recent chief executive officers mental namery veer the Lakeland Wonders g oernment activity? compound of speck image- no bimestrial Handcrafted with vainglory in the ground draws. mixture of organisational close with the proposed working out. induce water recent tax revenue streams with expansion into saucily marketplaces. going from the tralatitious path of the caller-out.2. What ar the principal(prenominal) troubles of the stakeholders who do non allot with her mint? button of Lakeland Wonders image and 94 course impost. Expanding in addition apace could revile the come with, concern over further of change. potential difference logistics issues with outsourcing. advert over smell decl ar and come-at-able misemploy to patsy image. Local, dogged bourne partners would be lost. spic-and-span chief executive officers insufficiency of pinch disgrace dodge for proposed in the altogether products. marrow iss ues- imperil by outsourcing, non consulted ahead on, and so forth bare-ass chief executive officers excogitate to puzzle out in hot great deal (Cecil, Pat) bequeath make extensive termination employees tactual sensation be and insecure.3. Does your base mobilise the proposed system is a exhaustively strategic take up for Lakeland Wonders? If yes, wherefore? If not, why not?We withdraw that the proposed schema is a mature expunge for the next reasons increase maturation potential, increase profits- modify the guild to recrudesce in melodic phrase with targets exercise by board. expanding upon into exploitation market-mid non-electric market merely member predicted for trope finger growth. Ensures the company dust belligerent over the great term. personify powerful. brand-new-fangled staff, new ideas and refreshful growth- boilersuit value for the company. unless there are in any case just about negatives The boilers suit think i s ask to be effective and manage differently it could be prejudicial to the company. chief operating officers labour to force through and through the changes is make divisions at bottom the company. effectiveness departure of the amount of money tincture of the company (traditional, make in USA, etc.) attempt alienate authoritative customers.

The Continental Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Continental Airlines - undertake Example conk May and October, 2010, UAL created several(prenominal) mergers involving Continental mouth JT Merger wedge heel Inc., and Continental, with Continental hold up as a wholly have subsidiary of UAL Corporation. At the last articulation of the Merger, the UAL became the pargonnt connection of both Continental and United and this was followed by change of expose to United Continental Holding., Inc, its present lean (Reuters, 2011b)UAL grocery take cannot be clearly qualifyd further based on total of its rank from the industry players in terms of sales for the past cardinal trailing months, it sh ars a monstrous exposit of the market. See adjunct C. UAL is part of those shed light on ten in terms of revenues in the arilines industry. With almost 6,000 routine a twenty-four hours to more than 375 US internal and multinational destinations from its hubs from various supranational airports that can be found in Guam, De nver, Houston Bush, Cleveland Hopkins, Los Angeles International Airport, San Francisco and capital of the United States Dulles, one could compute just how big the family is in reach of customers and cogitate its market share. Its geographic locations can be determined by the extent of its domestic and international operations which can be described to be global. Continental flying destinations are passim the US, Latin America, europium and the Asia-Pacific Regions. Its major competitors are Delta Air, Southwest Airlines, and US Airways. A and Nippon Airways (Reuters, 2011d).Although, this root word originally seeks to respect the Continental Airlines pecuniary condition and strategies, analytic thinking and discussion would right off be on UAL or the dimension company of which Continental and United are subsidiaries by face at the how the company (UAL) has maximized measure for its shareholders. The best(p) way to determine whether the company has maximized value to its shareholders it estimates the companys value in relation to what the market actually reflects. paygrade would be

Antony and Cleopatra by William Shakespeare Essay - 3

Antony and Cleopatra by William Shakespeare - Essay ExampleFor the sake of this analysis, the focus pass on be on love and how it has been developed by the author in the development of the story. In evaluating love as a central theme in the story, the focus will be on the two characters who are deemed as the protagonists.The relationship between Cleopatra and Antony is one which is full of resilience. In spite of the fact that they slip so many challenges in the course of their affair, their determination and resolve to overcome everything in the wake of what they prospect is quite admirable. At the time of the two, the societies constantly face up hardships in the form of conflicts and wars. However, the love that Cleopatra had for Antony was steadfast. In fact, the play depicts what can only be described as a perfect love which was only marred the by challenges that the two faced. The love story in lay seems to unify the characters. It should be famous that atThe love that Cl eopatra had for Antony is quite strong and emotive. In fact, the face of the conflict that is ongoing between the Egypt and Rome, it is the only thing which is common between the two warring sides. From the story, it is revealed that Cleopatra had decided to take her own life if she could not hold back her love. The irony in this case is that Cleopatra is a queen who reigns of Egypt. In fact, the love between the Queen and the man from Rome inspires what genuine and true love is. look back at the tragedies in the story, it is evident the only thing that seems to unify and symbolize togetherness among the warring sides is the genuineness of the love that is shared by the two.However, it should be noted that the feelings that people have when they are in love are affected by the prevailing factors. For instance, in the course of the war, Antony denounced his own country and men to incubate the love which was from a far land. However, the betrayal in the love story comes from the fa ct that Antony was a man who

Classical Realism and Liberal Internationalism Essay

Classical Realism and Liberal Internationalism - Essay ExampleTaking a look at the recent revolutions and ascent against the sitting governments in Libya, there have been calls for the interventions of foreign military support to the rebels. Proponents of this notion have been calling for the involvement of the United States to support the rebels with their military, as this would spreadhead liberalism and save lives. It would provide an equal ground against the government, which had the disposal of the military in the country to deal with the rebels and seize the revolution. It can be observed that the revolution had an piece of bringing political chaos to both(prenominal) ends, as well as destruction to the nations wellbeing for a long period of time. Advocates of both interventions do not seem to fully comprehend the use of force in contributing to political order as in the first regulate the scenarios happening were created by the absence of a strong state to instil liberal norms, strong government institutions and a sense of nationalism to the citizens. Libyas Muammar Gaddafi was speedy to kill Libyans the same people he says love him but have a funny way of showing him as he refers to the rebels wanting him push through of power. Humanitarians called for the intervention of the United States military to stop Gaddafi from killing his own people who were revolting against him. The successful overthrowing of his government was followed by elections in July 2012. A General national Congress was voted in and a political coalition widely regarded as the liberal option. accorded power, the National Forces Alliance having won 39 seats over the rightness and Construction party affiliated to a Muslim Brotherhood with 17 seats nationwide. I will rationally argue that classical realists works such(prenominal) as Morgenthau and Thucydides remain foundational texts for international relation scholars and be cited more frequently than their counterparts in the disciplines of social sciences. This can be attributed to the fact that international relations are still young in its field and feels the need to justify itself intellectually. It shows the need and resolve to have lucid, defensible readings of text that build reliable bridges betwixt realism and the problems that will be of interests to the scholars in the contemporary world such as those formulating liberal internationalism. I will argue that internationa

Meeting the Challenge of Deafness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Meeting the Challenge of Deafness - Essay ExampleHowever, Coopers will and passion for flying won out. For Chevy, his love of flying has been hitched to his take aim to be involved. After graduating from college in California, he sought out a new home. Chevy states, Something about Hawaii attracted me. It wasnt the tradewinds or sun. It was something about the deaf community. The challenge of the deaf is to find support from the world around, through friends, family, and community.Being listening impaired is a challenge in todays world. Often, the deaf are restrict not by what they can do but by the perceptions of what the world thinks they should do. Coopers family initially discouraged him from trying to be a pilot, yet he was equal to(p) to persist and learn to fly. However, he did not do it alone. As he said in the article, At 14, every Saturday I snuck out and would go to leakage school, learning how to fly. A very sweet man named Charley took me under his wing. In spite o f the challenge, someone was there to help him face it and guide him through it.For the hearing impaired, a little help sometimes goes a long way. Though Cooper and Chevy are unusual in their quest for flying, the common adhere of deafness may entice others to join in their challenge. Both men have shown an interest in starting a club for deaf pilots and the plan of support groups may be a great benefit.

Art Therapy Literature Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Art Therapy Literature Review - Research Paper causea conscious level, the application of art therapy principles allows the therapist to assess these emotions, feelings, attitudes and behaviors accordingly (Dryden et al. 1992).In order to execute the recommendations of art therapy, therapists are equipped with several skills and expertness which permit them to establish a link between the rural areas of art and therapy for the benefit of the creator. The key abilities of art therapists however, encompass a comprehensive understanding of the processes that are composite in art. These abilities involve expertise in the realm of symbolic communication and the ability to maintain an environment where patients feel secure and protected. This sense of security encourages them to dumbfound powerful feelings and emotions that might remain sheltered in a dissimilar situation (Dryden et al. 1992).Many individuals who have little knowledge of the conceptual and ideological introduction of art therapy often establish a strong correlation between the therapeutic dimensions of art, Dryden et al. (1992) outline that these benchmarks do not play a critical mapping in the achievement of the objectives of art therapy. Within this model, the notion of art transcends artistic appeal and visual mastery for it is the expression and condensation of unconscious feelings that art devising engenders are at the heart of the therapeutic transaction (Dryden et al. 1992, p. 4).Perhaps, the definition of art therapy which truly reflects recent advancements in the field has been framed by professionals who belong to the area of work. Dryden et al. (1992) state that once viewed as a systematic process, art therapy can be assessed as a type of therapy in which patients are encouraged to wee-wee visual images such as paintings or sketches. These images are created under the attendance of a qualified art therapist who assists the externalization of those feelings and emotions which would have been inhibited normally.The literary works that has been critically

Management Accounting for Business Decisions Essay

Management Accounting for Business Decisions - Essay ExampleIn the case of CoolSchool and Scrubs, differences in operations present the greatest challenges to the whole merger. The new bon ton resulting from the merger provide have new dynamics and set of be challenges which must be addressed in order to ensure success (Bierman 2010).CoolSchool supplies school uniforms at the beginning of the school year and the number of uniforms is ground on the precedent years enrollment. It is important to note that despite the merger, there will still be an important need to ensure that uniforms are supplied to the schools each year and on time. In addition, it is difficult for schools to provide the exact number of uniforms they shall need. In this respect, it becomes necessary for the company to continue its present production method which uses estimates from the previous year. However, this can be further improved to enhance accuracy. Since CoolSchool has supplied uniforms to schools fo r a number of years, it has records on the supply for every year. By using the record, the new merged company can extrapolate and estimate the enrolment rate in the coming year. Production of uniforms will then be based on the extrapolated figure which will be fairly accurate than using the enrolment for the previous years (Brush 2008).Regarding hospital uniforms, the new company will easily predict the number based on the staff numbers previously used by Scrubs. Considering the accurate production in this regard, it is important that the new company produces a large get along of uniforms for 8 months. Producing large numbers of uniforms on a single occasion helps the company to enjoy the economies of scale associated with large scale production. In addition, hospitals will evermore require new uniforms and the company should not therefore worry about any excess inventory (Gleich 2010).Producing a large amount of hospital uniforms at one time will help the company in creating

The study of evidence of Degenerative Joint Disease in Essay

The study of evidence of Degenerative Joint Disease in archaeologically-retrieved human skeletons bunghole reveal much more or less the nature of earlier societies. Discuss - Essay Exampleof activities the society held important, but again, this does not necessarily reflect the daily activities of the people, charge to focus instead upon ceremonial events. Perhaps a greater clue as to the daily activities, social structures and other lifestyle features of earlier populations can be found within the bones of the people themselves. By studying archaeologically-retrieved human skeletons for evidence of degenerative joint complaint, much can be determined about the common activities of the people under investigation.Degenerative joint disease is also known as osteoarthritis, DJD or osteoarthrosis. It is a form of arthritis that is characterized by a degeneration, or breaking down, of the gristle in the joints. In conjunction with this break down, there is usually an accompanying over growth of bone, a narrowing of the joint space, a circle of the bone within the joint surfaces and a creeping deformity in the joints themselves (Burnett, 2005). While the disease can strike in several places, most normally in the hands, fingers, knees, hips and spine, the cartilage of the joints breaks down faster when the joint is in more constant use. Over many years and with activity and use of a joint, the cartilage may become frayed, injured, torn and may even wear away entirely. When this occurs, the bone surface on one side of the joint tends to rub or glide against the bone on the opposite side of the joint, providing a less elastic joint surface, and generating higher contact pressures at the end of the bone (Burnett, 2005). With these kinds of major(ip) changes happening in the joints during the individuals lifetime, it is easily understood that the disease would leave recognizable and permanent features upon the skeletons.Because this form of arthritis is the most commo n bone disease experienced by human beings and it can reach highly severe levels, restricting or removing activities from daily life, the presence of disease in ancient

Separation of Church and State Literature review

Separation of Church and State - Literature review ExampleSecond, and perhaps, on the contrary, the nonion of a constitutional separation of church and state (a phrase that appears nowhere in the U.S. Constitution) is an influential symbol in American policy-making discourse. Though there is petty(a) agreement relating to the precise meaning of such separation, the principle itself is not normally challenged in American politics (Jelen, 2000).Thus, 1Separation of church and state was definitely not an stratagem of the Enlightenment political theory that might have prompted similar thoughts in the mind of the respected Thomas Jefferson. Certainly, it misleads to analyze the lively experiment in political terms at all, for the Providence regime was just as certainly and decisively rooted in Protestant theologies as was the Puritans city on a hill.The encompassing description of liberty of conscience was the systematizing principle of society, and it produced a kind of severance of church and state. It is thus significant to keep in mind that the sectionalisation was meant to protect the church and the soul from the debasing influence of the magistrate, to protect the garden of the church from corruption in the boondocks of the world. The quest for spiritual purity kind of factually led into the political realm, where he was basically traditional, if not authoritarian. This priority of the religious is clearly evident in the legislative explanation for the revised 1798 tour Relative to Religious Freedom and the Maintenance of Ministers Whereas Almighty, God hath created the mind free that all attempts to influence it by temporal punishments or burthens, or by cultivated incapacitation, tend only to beget habits of hypocrisy and meanness, and is a departure from the plan of the Holy Author of our religion, who being Lord both of body and mind, yet chose not to propagate it by coercions on either, as was in his almighty power to do that to compel a man to fu rnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which he disbelieves, is sinful and tyrannical that even the forcing him to support this or that teacher of his own religious persuasion, is depriving him of the comfortable liberty of giving his contributions to the particular pastor whose morals he would make his pattern, and whose powers he feels most persuasive to righteousness, and is withdrawing from the ministry those temporary rewards, which, proceeding from an appropriation of their personal conduct, are an additional incitement to earnest and unremitting labors for the instruction of mankind.

English Comp.- Adapting a Writing Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English Comp.- Adapting a Writing Style - Essay ExampleRather than referring to the Kinetic Theory of Matter, it would be more useful to say that all matter is made up of very small particles and their make-up and energy determines whether it is a solid, liquid, or gas. In addition, extremely good vocabulary, jargon, and buzzwords need to be eliminated and replaced by more generally understood terms. For example, instead of referring to the C level employees (CEO, CFO), it would be more informative to refer to them as executives. These simple modifications pave the way for an easily understood article.Writing is also a process where we try to inform by creating a written bear on the dots article. Specialists, with a large body of knowledge, may be able to make inferences and connections that are not available to the general audience. Paragraphs need to be carefully constructed with a logical flow that can easily be followed. Paragraphs should have a transition to let the audience know when the topic is shifting and the direction that it is taking. Statements mustiness be constructed that offer enough explanation without becoming so complex that the reader gets lost. This usually involves shorter statements that are supported with short explanations. This helps guide the reader by dint of the complexities of the material.The complexities of the technical information can also be presented by the use of metaphors and similes. Instead of telling your audience that the new cable modem has a bandwidth of 30 mega bits per second, it would be more picturesque to say that the modem transfers 2,000 pages of written text per second or as many as six complete novels. While few readers volition understand Mbps, everyone knows how big a novel is. The audience is not interested in the technical specifications they are simply looking for comparisons to the things they know.In conclusion, adapting a technical article for a general audience is really just a matter of putti ng it into plain English.

Computer Crimes in the USA Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Computer Crimes in the USA - Article ExampleThe current legal frameworks, particularly in Asia, Africa, and Latin America are also not apt to handle cyber crimes. Until date, the primary thrust of R&D in information technology has been to promote and relieve e-commerce, rather than to come out with means to discourage cyber crimes (Prosise & Mandia, 2001). In the absence of such intimidating technological deterrents, computer crimes are thriving and proliferating like neer before. Phishing, cyberstalking, identity thefts, hacking, computer viruses, and child pornography are some of the most rampant versions of cyber crimes.Computer crimes have turned out to be an obnoxious menace, two within the United States and around the world. As per the credible statistics available for the year 2008, a majority of the cybercriminals have their base within the United States (Consumer Fraud Reporting, 2009). The apex reason for this being that the US has the highest number of internet users i n the world. The United Kingdom commanded the second spot, with 10.5 percent of the total computer crimes affiliated to it (Consumer Fraud Reporting, 2009). early(a) major countries, which are home to a large section of the international cybercriminals, are Nigeria, Romania, the Netherlands and China (Consumer Fraud Reporting, 2009). While identity theft and Phishing happen to be the forte of the US-based criminals, Nigeria mainly abounds in fake online lotteries and money transfers (Consumer Fraud Reporting, 2009).

Bad Management Theories Are Destroying Good Management Practices Essay

Bad Management Theories Are Destroying Good Management Practices - Essay ExampleThe name of the article itself was the starting turn on which made me feel surprised. The author was brave enough to question the effectiveness of academic theories taught to students and applied in forethought and other relative business fields. Thus, for example, Ghoshal (2005, p.75) claimed at the beginning of the article Our theories and reports have done much to strengthen the management practices that we are all now so loudly condemning. After instruction this phrase I have naturally changed the usual way of my thinking and started to follow the ideas of the author. Idea that academic research related to the conduct of business and management has had some very significant and negative influences on the practice of management has left particular impact on me as well as commit for further investigation (Ghoshal, 2005, p.76). An overall style of the author surprised me by its boldness and open min ded approach. Ghoshals vision of amoral theories propagated by business schools, idea of necessity to reconsider corporate governance issue, idea of positive organizational scholarship and some other thoughts made me to think through. 2. Surprises in JA 2 The encourage journal article that I have chosen for further analysis also was given loud and provocative name Damned by our own theories contradictions betwixt theories and management education (Donaldson 2002, p.96).

Feasibility of Foreign Retail Firms Entering India Case Study

Feasibility of Foreign Retail Firms Entering India - Case Study Example duration formulating the strategies, the organizations leader and the management team give firstly look at the factors that may aid them to make a successful entry. After analyzing the positive factors, the firms will or should have to analyze the challenges that may impede their entry. As every extraneous market or country will have different political, social, stinting and legal conditions as well as different customers, competitors, prospective employees, etc, etc, there will be many challenges, which will block the firms success. Also, there will be country specific challenges as well as industry-specific challenges in those foreign markets.For example, the Asian country of India has some(prenominal) distinct aspects, which will surely act as an advantage as well as a challenge for the new firms, who are planning to enter it. Likewise, the retail industry in India also has some inbuilt favourable factors as well as impediments particularly in the political, social, legal and economic spheres, which may facilitate or impede foreign-invested retail firms entry. This theme will analyse India and the opportunities and risks, it presents for the retail firms.Globalization is having major impacts on the economic sphere of many developing countries like India, working as a gas pedal for economic development. Globalization turned out to be a godsend opportunity to these countries. That is, these countries opened up their markets and invited foreign companies with a slew of schemes and benefits. India has also perplex part of the global plans of many organizations mainly due to globalization. That is, when globalization or liberation made its entry into in the early 1990s, it opened the door for foreign companies including retail firms (but with caps) to reach India, benefiting both the Indian people and the companies. India has been pursuing the Mode 1 globalization strategy since the econ omic reforms began under P.V. Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh in 1991. Despite several(prenominal) changes of government and difficulties in implementation, the essential aspects of this international economic strategy have been maintained (Sen 2000).

The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing - Case Study ExampleThis should be made possible by ensuring that the prices offered by all the dealers are equal through auditing process (Kourdi, 2009). The company needs to make a thorough auditing of all the dealers to ensure that none of them sells the product either above or below the recommended company price of $12, 000. Customers must be made to understand that they can only get good after-sale support services from the local dealers and non the distant dealers. The dealers may be connected to a digital sale receipt program that allows them to enter sales records and prices offered on the product. The same information should be reflected on the receipt given to the customer (Frasco, 1991). The companys technical team must also follow up with the program to ensure that meeting place of data is made impossible. Steve Marsh can adopt rebranding of the PSX-360 product. The rebranding of the commodity entails a number of aspects. As it can b e revealed that the external dealers are the main guinea pig of deteriorating sales to Steves organization. The audio industry in which Pro-Audio operates seems to be taking the structure of a monopolistic competition where there are several numbers racket of sellers who are competing on same commodity or service. In this case, there are both first and second movers in quantity and price. All dealers nominate been identified to enjoy benefits of second movers (Gopalakrishnan, 2007). They have adopted high discounting techniques that have led to deteriorating sales in Pro-Audio. Consequently, the external dealers have led to the deterioration of the PSX-360 realize within the market. Product rebranding entails changing on the products attributes such as color, name, adding aspects of the PSX-360 functionality, logo, advertisement themes and strategy that its marketers use in selling the product (Gopalakrishnan, 2007).

Management at Apple Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management at Apple - Research Paper ExampleApple Company is located at Cupertino, California was ceremonious in 1976 and deals in personal computers, computer software other consumer electronics such as iPods, iPads, iPhones and tablets among others. In addition, the company has about 60, 400 permanent workers with 2,800 part clock spread in more than ten countries and operating in about 357 retail stores with a present $65.23 billion It plans to open a total of 25 stores in China by the end of 2011 (Head, 2007). Furthermore, Apple Company being a technology organization has used the location-based services strategy. This involves using an advertising program that sends various offers to its clients from the nearby shops and restaurants. Similarly, Apple Company has been able to increase its sales and profits through venturing into the international markets such as China and Japan. In addition, departing from the domestic help market to enter the international market by Apple h as lead to reduced costs of production and the ability to trade in various markets thereof lessening the dependency on one market. Supply twine management Supply chain management involves the organization and control of assets such as equipment, human, components and relationships such as customers, staff and suppliers among others in the production and delivery of customers commodity from unprocessed product to completed product as competently as possible. Apple Company is known to conduct its sale with a minimal somatic supply sales chain. Instead, Apple uses digital supply chain involves diffusion of digital media such as video or music though electronic medium from the provider to the client. For instance, through its virtual stores, Apple has been able to try about $ 1 billion from iTunes sales only. This can be considered as the first step by Apple towards implementing agility in its supply chain (Sanders & Reid, 2007). In addition, the company has the ability to make sal es worth more than I billion of MP3 files without factors of physical supply management such as poppycock sourcing, production, warehousing and transportation among others. These sales extend to iPhone mobile that do not use the normal supply chains. There are numerous advantages that are enjoyed by Apple in its usage of digital supply chains. For instance, increase in margin of hardware sales, increased maneuvers in the market because of higher flow of hard cash and the ability to provide what is on hold at right time. Therefore, because of this innovative idea of modern supply management, competition has increased among IT companies such as HP, dell and IBM adopting and improving their methods. On that note, Apple has come up with its new design of supply chain called product lifecycle management (PLM). It is a programmed software that allows manufacturers from around the human to process the products they want using a collaborative design. Thus the equation of achieving agili ty in supply chain versus risk in meeting demand had to take shape for Apple (Lebreton, 2007). Similarly, it permits the manufacturer to share and manage complicated design and commodity detail that aims at ensuring the proper development process of commodity. inventorying management Inventory management involves indicating the shape and percentage of completed products an organization has to sell. Numerous factors affect inventory of management of Apple Inc. Company. For example, there are the physical place of the

Mobile television Essay Example for Free

liquid telecasting Essay mobile television is television watched on a sm only handheld or diligent device. It includes pay TV service delivered via agile phone networks or received free-to-air via terrestrial television move. well-ordered broadcast old-hats or special mobile TV transmission formats can be used. Additional indications include downloading TV programs and podcasts from the internet and the ability to store computer programing for later viewing. According to the Harvard Business Review, the growing adoption of smartphones allowed users to watch as much mobile moving picture in just three days of the 2010 wintertime Olympics as they watched throughout the entire 2008 Summer Olympics an increase of 564%. 1DMB in southbound KoreaHistoryThe scratch line pocket-sized mobile television was sold to the public by Clive Sinclair in January 1977. It was called the Microvision or the MTV-1. It had a 2-inch CRT screen and was also the first television which could pick up signals in multiple countries. It measured 10215941mm and was sold for slight than 100 in the UK and for around $400 in the US. The project took over ten years to develop and was funded by around 1.6 million in British Government grants.23 unsettled TV is one of the features provided by many 3G phones. In 2002, South Korea became the first country in the man to have a technical mobile TV CDMA IS95-C network, and mobile TV over 3G (CDMA2000 1X EVDO) also became available that kindred year.In 2005, South Korea also became the first country in the world to have mobile TV when it started satellite DMB (S-DMB) and terrestrial DMB (T-DMB) services on May 1 and December 1, respectively. Today, South Korea and Japan are at the mind of this developing sector.4 Mobile TV services were diped by the operator CSL in Hong Kong, March 2006, on the 3G network.5 BT in the United Kingdom was the among the first companies outside South Korea to launch Mobile TV in phratry 2006, althoug h the service was abandoned less than a year later.6 The same happened to MFD Mobiles Fernsehen Deutschland, who launched their DMB-based service June 2006 in Germany, and stopped it in April 2008.7Also in June 2006, mobile operator 3 in Italy (part of Hutchison Whampoa) launched their mobile TV service, but opposed to their counterpart in Germany this was based on DVB-H.8 dash started offering the service in February 2006 and was the first US carrier to offer the service. In the US Verizon Wireless and more recently ATT are offering the service. In South Korea, mobile TV is largely divided into satellite DMB (S-DMB) and terrestrial DMB (T-DMB). Although S-DMB initially had more sate, T-DMB has gained much wider popularity because it is free and included as a feature in most mobile handsets sold in the country today.ChallengesMobile TV usage can be divided into three classes Fixed Watched patch not moving, possibly moved when not being watched Nomadic Watched patch moving sl owly (e.g. walking) Mobile Watched when moving quickly (e.g. in a car) each(prenominal) of these pose different challenges.Device Manufacturers challenges Power consumption Continuous receipt, decoding, and display of video requires continuous bureau, and cannot benefit from all of the types of optimizations that are used to reduce power consumption for data and voice services. Memory To support the large buffer requirements of mobile TV. Currently available depot capabilities will not be meet for long hours of mobile TV viewing. Furthermore, potential future applications like peer-to-peer video sharing in mobile phones and consumer broadcasting would definitely add to the increasing memory requirements. The existing P2P algorithms wont be enough for mobile devices, necessitating the advent of mobile P2P algorithms. There is one start-up technology that claims patentability on its mobile P2P, but has not haggard attention from device manufacturers yet. Display Larger and higher-resolution displays are necessary for a good viewing experience. Processing power Significantly more processor instruction execution is inevitable for mobile TV than that used for UI and simple applications, like browsers and messaging.Content Providers challenges Mobile TV specific content Mobisodes mobile episodes of popular shows which are relatively shorter (3 to 5 minutes), to suit the likely viewing habits of the mobile TV user.Digital TVNorth AmericaAs of January 2012, there are 120 stations in the United States broadcasting using the ATSC-M/H Mobile DTV standard a mobile and handheld enhancement to the HDTV standard that improves handling of multipath contraceptive device while mobile.9 The defunct MediaFLO used COFDM broadcast on UHF TV channel 55. Like satellite TV, it was encrypted and controlled by conditional access (provided via the carrellular network). It required a subscription for each mobile device, and was limited to the ATT Mobility or Verizon Wireless networks.Broadcast mobile DTV developmentWhile MediaFLO uses the TV spectrum and MobiTV used cell phone networks,10 mobile DTV (ATSC-M/H) uses the digital TV spectrum. At the National Association of Broadcasters ( perk) show in April 2007 in Las Vegas, the ATSC and 8VSB methods for delivering mobile DTV were shown. A-VSB (Advanced VSB), from Samsung and Rohde Schwarz, was shown at the previous years show. In 2007, LG, whose Zenith Electronics came up with 8VSB, introduced (with Harris Group) its Mobile-Pedestrian-Handheld (MPH) system. As the broadcast networks began making their content available online, mobile DTV meant stations would have another way to compete. Sinclair Broadcast Group tested A-VSB in fall 2006, and its KVCW and KVMY were participate in the mobile DTV product demonstrations at the NAB show. A-VSB had worked in buses at the 2007 Consumer ElectronicsMobile television Show. ION Media Networks started a test station on channel 38, which was to be used for digital LPTV, to use for a single-frequency network (SFN). In some areas, more than one TV transmitter would be needed to cover all areas. Mobile DTV could have been used at that time because it would not affect HDTV reception. A single standard, however, had to be developed.11 At the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2009, the first prototype devices from LG and other manufacturers were demonstrated, including receivers for cars from Kenwood, Visteon and Delphi. It was inform that 63 stations in 22 markets would debut the service in 2009. Gannett publicize president David Lougee pointed out that many of those care the inauguration of Barack Obama would likely hear him but not see him had the revolutionary technology been in place, this would not have been a problem.12In April 2009, the Open Mobile Video Coalition, made up of over 800 broadcast stations, selected four test stations Gannetts WATL and IONs WPXA-TV in Atlanta, and Fisher Communications KOMO-TV and Belos KONG-TV in Seattle. WPXA had begun mobile DTV broadcasting on April 1. The others would start in May.13 Later in 2009, ION tell it was making available HDTV, standard definition and Mobile DTV streams using its affiliates in New York City and Washington, D.C. The triple-play sentiment was part of an effort to create a Mobile DTV standard. At the time, only those with prototype receivers could pick up the streams. ION Chairman and CEO Brandon Burgess said mobile DTV lets stations think beyond the living room and bring live television and real time information to consumers wherever they may be.14 The Advanced television Systems Committee started work on mobile DTV standards in May 2007, and manufacturers and sellers worked quickly to make the new technology a reality.The OMVC persuaded LG and Samsung to work together starting in May 2008 so that differing systems (possibly a self-destructing format war) would not delay or kill the technology. Early in July 2009, the ATSC Technology and Sta ndards Group approved the ATSC-M/H standard for mobile DTV which all members green-lighted October 15. The public could be using the new devices by 2010, though watching TV on cell phones seemed unlikely in the nuzzle future since telephone manufacturers did not yet include that capability. The technology was expected to be used for polls and even voting.1516 By the end of the year, the ATSC and the Consumer Electronics Association began identifying products come across the standard with MDTV.17 Paul Karpowicz, NAB Television Board chairman and president of Meredith Broadcast Group, said This milestone ushers in the new era of digital television broadcasting, giving local TV stations and networks new opportunities to reach viewers on the go.This will introduce the power of local broadcasting to a new generation of viewers and provide all-important emergency alert, local news and other programming to consumers across the nation.16 Later in July, the first multi-station tests began in Washington, D.C., while single stations in New York City and Raleigh, North Carolina already offered mobile DTV. The OMVC chose Atlantas WATL and Seattles KONG as model stations where product testing could take place. 70 stations in 28 media markets planned streams by the end of 2009. The Washington test would involve WPXW-TV, WUSA, WDCA, WRC-TV, WHUT-TV, WNUV in Baltimore, and WNVT, a part of MHz Networks, a multicasting service. both of the stations would have two of more channels each, with electronic service guide and alert data among the services. 20 sellers of equipment would use these stations to test using the existing standard, but testing the final standard would come later, and tests by the public would happen in 2010, when many more devices would be ready. Obviously, manufacturing large results pool of the devices could not take place without the final standard. LG, however, began mass-producing chips in June. ION technology vice president Brett Jenkins said, Were r eally at a stage like the initial launch of DTV back in 1998.There are almost going to be more transmitters transmitting mobile than receive devices on the market, and thats probably what youll see for the following six to nine months. Devices would eventually include USB dongles, netbooks, portable DVD players and in-car displays.18 White House officials and members of Congress saw the triple-play concept in an ION demonstration on July 28, 2009 in conjunction with the OMVC.1920 Another demonstration took place October 16, 2009 with journalists, industry executives and broadcasters riding around Washington, D.C. in a bus with prototype devices. Included were those who would be testing the devices in the Washington andBaltimore markets in January 2010.21 On August 7, 2009, BlackBerry service began on six TV stationsWISH-TV in Indianapolis WAVY-TV in Hampton Roads, Virginia KRQE in Albuquerque, New Mexico WANE-TV in Fort Wayne, Indiana WALA-TV in Mobile, Alabama and KXAN-TV in Austi n, Texas. 27 other stations will eventually offer the service, and LIN TV, which developed the BlackBerry service, has an iPhone application planned.20 By October, 30 stations were airing mobile DTV signals, and that number was expected to be 50 by year-end. Also in the same month, FCC chair Julius Genachowski announced efforts to increase the amount of spectrum available to radio set services.16 Also in August, WTVE and Axcera began testing a single-frequency network (SFN) with multiple transmitters using the new mobile standard.The RNN affiliate in Reading, daddy had used this concept since 2007.22 Richard Mertz of Cavell, Mertz Associates says hemorrhagic fever wont work as well for mobile DTV because a 15-inch antenna or some other solution would be required, although he has heard from people who had no problems. An amplified antenna or higher power for the transmitting station would likely be needed, as well as repeater stations where terrain is a problem.23 Lougee, whose co mpany planned testing in its 19 markets in 2010, said the chip designs with the new devices made targeted advertising possible.21 In December 2009, Concept Enterprises introduced the first Mobile DTV tuner for automobiles. Unlike earlier units, this one will provide a clear picture without pixilation in a fast-moving vehicle, using an LG M/H chip and a one-inch roof-mounted antenna. No subscription wil be required.24Also in December, the Consumer Electronics Association hosted a plugfest in Washington, D.C. to allow manufacturers to test various devices. More than 15 companies, and engineers from different countries, tested four transmission systems, 12 receiver systems, and four software types.1725 On December 1, News Corp. chairman Rupert Murdoch said mobile DTV would be important to the future of all journalism, and he planned to offer TV and possibly newspaper content in this way.26 At the January 2010 Consumer Electronics Show, NAB head Gordon H. Smith disputed the idea that b roadcastings days were numbered, calling mobile DTV the proof over-the-air television would continue its popularity. He said people would use cell phones and other devices to watch, and broadcast technology would be the best way to do this. Wireless broadband, which some wanted to replace broadcasting, would not be able to manage the demand for video services.27 IONs Burgess showed off one of the first iPhones capable of receiving mobile DTV, while IONs Jenkins showed an LG Maze and a Valups Tivit the latter sends signals to the iPod Touch and will before long work with the Google Nexus.28 Sinclair Broadcast Group director of advanced technology Mark Aitken said the mobile DTV concept of multiple transmitters would help free up spectrum for wireless broadband in rural areas but not large cities.He also explained to the FCC that mobile DTV was the best method for sending out live video to those using cell phones and similar devices.29 The OMVCs Mobile DTV Consumer Showcase began Ma y 3, 2010 and lasted all summer. Nine stations planned to distribute 20 programs, including local and network shows as well as cable programs, to Samsung Moment phones. Dell Netbooks and Valups Tivits also received programming.30 On September 23, 2010, Media General began its first MDTV service at WCMH-TV in Columbus, Ohio and had plans to do the same a month later at WFLA-TV in the Tampa Bay, Florida area and five to seven more stations in its portfolio.31On November 19, 2010, a conjunction venture of 12 major broadcasters, known as the Mobile Content Venture, announced plans to upgrade TV stations in 20 markets representing 40 per centum of the United States population to deliver live video to portable devices by the end of 2011.32 Brian Lawlor, a Scripps TV senior vice president, said that, in September 2011, Scripps stations would offer an app allowing people with an iPhone or iPad to see emergency information (e.g. weather bulletins) in the event of a power outage.33 In 2012, a number of stations plan to conduct tests of the Mobile Emergency Alert System (M-EAS), a system to deliver emergency information via mobile DTV.34 In January, 2012, the MCV announced that MetroPCS would offer MCVs Dyle mobile DTV service.Samsung planned an Android phone capable of receiving this service late in 2012.35 At the end of 2012, Dyle was in 35markets and capable of stint 55 percent of viewers.36 At the NAB show in April 2012, MCV announced that 17 additional television stations will launch mobile DTV, obstetrical delivery the total to 92, covering more than 55% of US homes. Included are stations in three new markets Austin, Texas, Boston, Massachusetts, and Dayton, Ohio.37 In September 2012, WRAL-TV announced rollout of a Mobile Emergency Alert System based around mobile digital television technology.38 A process called Syncbak uses cell phones rather than TV spectrum.39References1 2 3 4 aspect for TV Genius? Red Bee Media (http/ / www. tvgenius. net/ blog/ 2011/ 0 1/ 31/ 4-ways-smartphones-save-tv/ ) Clives achievements (http/ / www. sinclair-research. co. uk/ about-srl. php) Sinclair Research Video and TV gear (http/ / www. retrothing. com/ video_tv/ index. html), Retrothing.com NYTimes.com via Yahoo Finance Mobile TV bed covering in Europe and to the U.S. (http/ / biz. yahoo. com/ nytimes/ 080506/ 1194771946810. html?. v=18), May 6, 2008 5 3G UK The service is based on the Golden Dynamic Enterprises Ltd. (http/ / www. 3g. co. uk/ PR/ March2006/ 2732. htm)s VOIR Portal (http/ / find names. com/ p/ expressions/ mi_m0EIN/ is_2006_Dec_4/ ai_n16881105) and follows the 3GPP standard 3G-324 M. The same service is also deployed to Philippines in 2007. 6 ZDnet BT ditches mobile TV service (http/ / news. zdnet. co. uk/ communications/ 0,1000000085,39288247,00. htm), 26 July 2007 7 Broadband TV news MFD hands back German T-DMB indorse (http/ / www. broadbandtvnews. com/ ?p=4682), May 1, 2008 8 The Register DVB-H rockets ahead in Italy (http/ / www. theregister. co. uk/ 2006/ 07/ 28/ dvbh_success_in_italy/ ), 28 July 2006 9 OMVC announces sizable growth in number of MDTV stations at CES RF content from Broadcast Engineering (http/ / broadcastengineering. com/ RF/ OMVC-mobile-DTV-presence-announces-growth-CES-01192012/ index. html) 10 Thompson, Mark (2010-06-03). mobile tv cell phone networks (http/ / mobitv. com/ technology/ managed-service-platform). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2010-06-03. 11 Dickson, Glen (2007-04-14). NAB Mobile DTV Hits the Strip (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 108538-NAB_Mobile_DTV_Hits_the_Strip. php). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-21. 12 Dickson, Glen (2009-01-11). CES Broadcasters Mobile DTV Moment (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 161893-CES_Broadcasters_Mobile_DTV_Moment. php?rssid=20102 q=broadcasters+ mobile+ dtv+ moment). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-03. 13 Dickson, Glen (2009-04-20). NAB 2009 Broadcasters Set Mobile DTV Test Markets (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 209447-NAB_2009_Broadcasters_Set_Mobile_DTV_Test_Markets. php?rssid=20068q=broadcasters+ set+ mobile+ dtv+ test+ markets). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-17. 14 Dickson, Glen (2009-06-29). ION Broadcasts Mobile DTV in N.Y., D.C. Hails Its Digital TV Triple Play (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 307120-ION_Broadcasts_Mobile_DTV_in_N_Y_D_C_. php?rssid=20068 q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-02. 15 Dickson, Glen (2009-07-06). ATSC-M/H voted to proposed standard status (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 307463-Mobile_DTV_is_Almost_Official. php?rssid=20065 q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-08. 16 Dickson, Glen (2009-10-16). Mobile DTV Standard Approved (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 358341-Mobile_DTV_Standard_Approved. php?rssid=20292 q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2009-10-16. 17 Dickson, Glen (2009-12-16). ATSC Launches Certification Program For Mobile DTV (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 440764-ATSC_Launches_Certification_Program_For_Mobile_DTV. php?rssid=20102 q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-17. 18 Dickson, Glen (2009-07-13). Special Report Mobile DTV Heats Up (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 314792-Special_Report_Mobile_DTV_Heats_Up. php). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-15. 19 Dickson, Glen (2009-07-22). ION, OMVC Organize DTV Showcase in D.C. (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 316065-ION_OMVC_Organize_DTV_Showcase_in_D_C_. php?rssid=20068 q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-22. 20 Eggerton, John (2009-08-07). LIN TV Develops Blackberry App For Mobile TV Service (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 326796-LIN_TV_Develops_Blackberry_App_For_Mobile_TV_Service. php?q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2009-08-11. 21 Eggerton, John (2009-10-16). OMVC Does Mobile DTV Tour (http/ / www. broadcastin gcable. com/ article/ 358415-OMVC_Does_Mobile_DTV_Tour. php?rssid=20103 q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2009-10-23. 22 Dickson, Glen (2009-12-18). WTVE Tests SFN For Mobile DTV (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 441031-WTVE_Tests_SFN_For_Mobile_DTV. php?rssid=20065 q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2010-01-13. 23 Jessell, Harry A. (2009-09-24). Digital VHF Needs A PowerBoost (http/ / www. tvnewscheck. com/ articles/ 2009/ 09/ 24/ daily. 2/ ). TVNewsCheck. . Retrieved 2009-10-15. 24 Gilroy, Amy (2009-11-09). First Mobile DTV Car Tuner At $499 (http/ / www. twice. com/ article/ 388144-First_Mobile_DTV_Car_Tuner_At_499. php/ ). TWICE. . Retrieved 2009-11-10. 25 Dickson, Glen (2009-12-02). Mobile DTV Picks Up revive (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 394993-Mobile_DTV_Picks_Up_Speed. php?rssid=20068 q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-03. 26 Eggerton, John (2009-12-01). Murdoch Says Mobile TV Is Key to Future (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 391233-Murdoch_Says_Mobile_TV_Is_Key_to_Future. php?rssid=20070 q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-03. 27 Dickson, Glen (2010-01-07). CES 2010 Broadcasters Tout Mobile DTV Progress (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 442953-CES_2010_Broadcasters_Tout_Mobile_DTV_Progress. php?rssid=20068 q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2010-01-13. 28 Dickson, Glen (2010-01-09). NAB Shows Off New Spectrum Applications (http/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 443352-NAB_Shows_Off_New_Spectrum_Applications. php?rssid=20068 q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting Cable. . Retrieved 2010-01-13.

The Most Common Cause Of Dementia Essay Example for Free

The Most Common Cause Of Dementia EssayBy not plentiful a individual a person centred approach you whitethorn be taking away a person human rights , in some cases families and mete out environments consecrate made decisions for an individual , not taking into account the may still be able to make certain or all decisions for themselves . behaviour changes in someone with dementia may not be so noticeable a first ,they may start to resound words and sentences for repeat the same question, anxiety ,difficulty in daily routine , more forgetful, More noticeable changes are disorientation as to where they are time of day ,recognising known people, unable to follow instructions or retain information, impaired judgement , you may also notice that on that point body gait piece of ass be effected finding it hard to balance, hallucinations . A person personality may change with dementia, you may not see the personality that they devote had before this could be agitated, anxious a ggression, quieter, depressed. it is important to record any changes in a persons behaviour , as this could be an indication that the person dementia needs have changed and progressed although we should never assume it is a progression in the dementia as changes in behaviour could be an indication that there is an underlying health need e.g. UTI .Support may still need to be access but with the relevant professional. Having a diagnosis of dementia net affect people in different way s, for some people it is a long awaited explanation to the changes that they have been experiencing , they may feel that they can now start to move forward and that someone has listened to them .It is obviously a emotional experience having a dementia diagnosis for the individual and their families ,they may have disbelief if and put it down to general aging they may also feel a sense of loss ,and that the plans that they had made for the future will change, single(a) families may have been aware of One important point to remember is when working with service user with a disability or impairment that they may need different aids to communicate.When working with individuals with dementia they may need to be prompted or given time to understand the question different types of intercourse need to be used depending on the individual. Trevithick (2012) highlights the difference forms of communication one of them is active listening. Active listening is when the professional listens to the service user and repeats parts or the entire sentence to show understanding, thesame vis versa for service users.www.wbmd.com/alzheimers/guide/alzeimers/guide/alzheimers-dementia (07.11.2014)www.nhs.uk/conditions /dementia-guide/pages/cause-of-dementia (01.11.14) www.alzfdn.org/aboutdementia/defintion.html (29.10.2014)P, Trevithick (2012) Social Work Skills and Knowledge A Practice Handbook Berkshire open university press.

Impact of the Affordable Care Act Essay Example for Free

Impact of the Affordable C be crook EssayImpact of the Affordable Care Act on matrimony Carolinas Uninsured wellness restitution is one of the most important benefits a citizen can have in America. Some Americans who work acquire health insurance through their employers. But then, thither are Americas who do not work and therefore, are unable to have health insurance. The Affordable Care Act was signed into law on serve 23, 2010 by President Obama and the United States Congress, ( north-central Carolinas ground of Medicine, 2012). This paper lead focus on the impact of the Affordable Care Act on North Carolinas uninsured. With the rising cost in health rush and high co-payments pertaining to medical conditions, some mass cannot afford health insurance. With the loss of jobs and losing their livelihood, some multitude cannot afford insurance. Individuals who work with small businesses do not have health insurance because these small businesses cannot afford to provide health insurance benefits for their employees. Some people just do not work and therefore, do not have health insurance.This whole uninsured population is the ones who do not seek health safekeeping when they have health issues or have chronic medical conditions, and overly do not practice preventative care. match to the North Carolinas Institute of Medicine (2012), there was 1.6 million (19%) uninsured people living in North Carolina in 2010 and According to Milstead (4th edition, 2013), this group of uninsured whose income was below federal official poverty level included pregnant women, children 18 years old and under, parents who were employed or unemployed, adults without children, disabled and the elderly population. By 2014, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) offered much new coverage for the uninsured population. It required states to offer Medicaid insurance to working families whose income was below the federal poverty level of 138%, that is $30,429 for a family of four ( Mi lstead, 2013).According to North Carolinas Institute of Medicine (NCIOM), For a family making above the federal poverty level, but not enough to affordhealth insurance, the ACA provided subsidies to dish them purchase private insurance through new insurances that was created by the ACA. Before ACA, Medicaid only covered children, parents, pregnant women, disabled people and the elderly. Now in 2014, it is visible(prenominal) to all adults making below the federal income level (NICOM, 2012).This population of insured people will now receive health services, preventative services, and prescription drugs and so on. By 2014, with the Affordable Care Act in effect, according to (NCIOM, 2012), almost 800,000 of people living in North Carolina that were not insured will be insured. 41% of this population will obtain insurance through private insurances and 59% through Medicaid. With this amount of surplus in insured patients, health care workers and professionals will be in greater deman d, especially essential care providers. This may cause a longer wait period to see ones primary provider or a specialist. There will withal be a decrease in treating preventative care.North Carolina is aware that there will be a shortage of medical personnels with this demand. They have to find the funds to educate and have enough health care providers to undertake that the workforce is available to meet the states demand of insured people. The health care workforce, who are the primary workers, include doctors, hold practitioners, registered nurses, physicians assistants, psychologists, psychiatrists , medical assistants, nurse midwives, and licensed practical nurses. This workforce, in a broad spectrum, ensures that patients receive optimal quality care, treat and teach preventative care, manage chronic illnesses, both physically and mentally.To be able to increase the medical workforce in order to meet the health care needs of the population, North Carolinas schools and unive rsities have increase their students class capacities. Some of these schools including Duke University School of Medicine, The UNC Chapel Hill Department of Pediatrics/ UNC Hospitals, the nursing programs at UNC Wilmington, Western Carolina University and many other(a)s have received funding from the ACA and other agencies. Other groups are responsible to offer loans and scholarships in the effort to attract students into the medical field. Rural training is also available to students as well. (NICOM, 2012). North Carolina is alsoencouraging a diversified form of teaching and is encouraging minorities to be a part of the medical workforce. They believe that patients will adhere to practicing better health and lifestyle changes if they are told to do so from someone of their own race.North Carolina is taking appropriate steps to be able to meet the health care needs of its insured people. The State has taken steps to expand the medical team workforce through offering scholarships an d grants to different universities. This is to enable patients to receive door to good quality health care, both in the urban and rural areas. Community centers infrastructures are been redesigned to meet the needs of the insured population. Health insurance companies are responsible to provide health benefits such as low co-payments according to the plan an individual or family signs up for (NICOM, 2012). Health insurance companies are also responsible to be able to help pay for prescriptions drugs, outpatient care, emergency care, hospitalization, and preventative care practices.According to( NICOM, 2012), North Carolina is not a healthy state, but with the presentment of the ACA, they are planning to become a healthy state in the year 2020. The ethical implications of the Affordable Care Act are giving the citizens of North Carolina a right to have health insurance. No one should avoid going to the doctor when they are sick because they cannot afford it. Everyone should have a picking to practice preventative care medicine. According to the Whitehouse.gov, pre-existing conditions will no longer be a barrier to obtaining health insurance. Individuals and families will receive value credit support to pay for their coverage. All in all, the Affordable Care Act has given all Americans the right to have health insurance.ReferencesNorth Carolina Institute of Medicine (NCIOM). Examining the Impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in North Carolina, 2012. Retrieved from http//www.nciom.org The Affordable Care Act Immediate Benefits for North Carolina. Retrieved www.whitehouse.gov/files/documents/healthcare-facts Milstead, J. Health Policy and Politics, 2013.

Terrorism: Causes, Effects and Prevention Strategies

Terrorism Causes, Effects and Prevention StrategiesIn the last dope of the century, there is a dramatic change in ab aside of the terrorist activities, as they atomic number 18 well-planned, with a purpose to accomplish a precise identifiable and obviously attainable political goal. In the past, about of the terrorist activities involved incidents manage high-jacking an aircraft or the taking of a hostage following which certain demands were made. Their aim was usually to kindling their friends, or group leave behinders from prisons.Terrorism in the last some decades has countn a more violent and destructive turn, and quite often the demands be not made. Terrorism today is an act which is sudden, unprovoked, sheer brutal effort on innocent civilians killing several(prenominal) throng in a move market or a gathering. Most of there terrorist attacks have had a political objective, which have now become rather diffused since the 9/11 attack. It now seems that the idea is t o create fear and terror, and primarily to get publicity through the television news and print mediaAccording to several orthodox cultures, the terrorists resorted to this special(prenominal) type of extremism as the only way for accomplishing political change. Also it appears to be interconnected to globalization and the increase impact of the United States and other Western countries. This has added to the resentments of the lot of that part of the world. Thus it is the volumedr developments, changes in the international political structure, and expansion of globalization throughout the world that explains this trend in terrorism.The sixty years of hurt of the Palestinians and their unsuccessful efforts to get an independent state is one of the major reasons for the unrest in the Muslim human beings. The recent siege (412 Palestinian children perished betwixt the 27th of declination 2008 and the 18th of January 2009 as a result of the bombings and atrocities carried out by the Israeli Occupying Forces The end year of 2009 inevitably This markeds the First Year Memorial of Operation material body Lead, when al more or less 1,400 Palestinians, mostly civilians were killed during the course of a brutal military operation carried out by Israeli authorities. Thousands more were wounded or displaced. 412 Palestinian children perished between the 27th of celestial latitude 2008 and the 18th of January 2009. These children were killed as a result of the bombings and atrocities carried out by the Israeli Occupying Forces) affected the Palestinian social fabric completely. As the accidental injury grows with every violent incursion into Palestinian communities hatred and inclination of revenge also increases among them. During the Gulf War, and more recently in Afghanistan, the terrorist groups often resort to amiable warfargon because its the only tactic they have available to them.They dont have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They dont have the mighty militar y power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping,says Haroun, a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego. (cited in Warner, 2005).1 In reality these terrorist attacks does not harm the foe physically very such(prenominal), as a few(prenominal) people could be killed in an attack. scarcely the repercussions are tremendous from the psychological point of view. Ordinary people viewing the terrorist attack in person or watching it on television, gets anxious, terrified, and often develop a instinct of foreboding fear, which in turn may lead to demoralization in the entire society.psychological TerrorWhatever is their modus operandi, terrorists share very like aims. Alexander and Klein (2006)1 concisely identified the aims of terrorism as followsTo create pervasive fear, anxiety and panicTo yield a collective and individualistic star of helplessness, vulnerability and hopelessnessTo demonstratereveal the incompetencein effectiveness and/or inabilityincapability of the authorities to provide security and protectionsafety against such opponentsAnd provoke the establishment into errors or over-re live up tos which give disaffect the general public or specific influential bodies.The last point is essentially indispensable as observed by the widespread concerns as for example the shooting of an innocent man by the Metropolitan Police in London sometime ago (as a result of consequent to the wrongly information that he was a suicide bomber) the incarceration of terrorist suspects in high security prisons of Guantanamo Bay and Belmarsh and the introduction of repressive legislation. Moreno (2003)2 has persuasively proven how easy it is in a democratic society to subordinate hard-earned civil liberties to the need to introduce counter-terrorist legislation. The terrorist attacks provide harsh reminders that in todays world, one does not know what news may come next on television or other news media. Par ticularly disturbing television images of horrific incidents can trigger the innate get down reaction no matter how close or far away from home the event happened. Historically, every military clash has led to psychological warfare in some form in one way or another as the enemy aims to break the morale of their opponent. Due to progress in technology the popularity of the internet and increase of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of psychological battle have changed.Whether it is a substantial attack or a single dreadful act, the effects of psychological warfare are not restricted to the physical damage it produces. Instead, the intent of these attacks is to in sereneinstil a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.According to Professor Richard Bulliet of Columbia UniversityThere are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of tail, or the horrific quality of w hat you do to a single person.Interestingly the way media covers the event in item determines the effect on the people. For instance, according to Bulliet, the Iranian hostage predicament, in 1979, which though lasted for 444 days, was infact actually one of the most harmless of (word harmless) criticalthings events that occurredhappened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All the U.S. hostages were released ultimately unscathed., justHowever this hostage event remains a psychological scarblemish for manyseveral Americans who watched powerlessly, each evenings newscast, they counted days the hostages were being held in custody.The terrorists often take advantage of images of a group of masked individuals coercing and intimidating exerting total power over their captives to sendconvey the message that the act is a collective demonstrationdisplay of the groups power rather than an individual criminal act.You dont have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. Its a n image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized. The randomness and the ubiquitousness of the threat give the impression of coarsely greater capacities. (cited in Warner, 2005).3Remote Repercussions of Terrorist AttacksWhen a horrific event occurs, it is natural to feel disturbed, even if the act occurred thousands of miles away. The humans reaction is to put oneself in the situation because as normal human beings, people have the capacity to empathize. And consequently these people may develop similar psychological symptoms. Witnessing an act of psychological terror can also disrupt our belief system, says Charles Figley, PhD, director of the Flo disengagea State University Traumatology Institute. (cited in Warner, 2005).4We walk around, psychologically, in a bubble, and that bubble represents our belief system and values. Most often we assume incorrectly that other people have the same values and social niceties as we do. When that is go agai nst or challenged, the first response is usually an effort to protect our beliefs and, in other words, to deny that it actually happened.When A s soon as confronted with proofread of terror, such as pictures of atrocities, Figley says there are a few different waysdifferent ways in which people typically reactThey perceive perpetrators to be inhumane. baffle fearful as they perceive they are living in a callous and unsafe world because the graph bar of inhumanityhumanity has been lowered even further. gestate that its only a fleeting incident which could be easily explained away or deconstructed by precise things that have taken place, such as if we hadnt through with(p) this, then that would not have happened. Its uncomfortable believing that the world is less safe, so we have to imagine or construct a scenario that will surrender us to feel more safe again and resist change, says Figley.There is an interesting and strange symbiotic relationship between terrorism and the media. Bruce Hoffman, the director of the shopping mall for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence, in his book Inside Terrorism has written a clear summary of some of the major historical trends in international terrorism. He makes careful distinctions between the motivations that drive political (or ethno-nationalist) terrorism and religious terrorism, and he explains also shows why the show up of religious terrorism, coupled with the increased availability of weapons of mass destruction, may foretellpredict an eraepoch of even greater violence. In the past, Hoffman argues, the main goal of the terrorist was not to kill and destroy, but to attract media attention to his cause in the hope of initiating reform.For the religious terrorist, however, violence is first and foremost a consecrate act or divine duty executed in direct response to some theological demand or imperative religious terrorists see themselves not as components of a system worth preserving but as outsiders, quest funda cordial changes in the existing order. (Hoffman, 2006).5In this context Hoffman does not choose sides, he refers to in this frame grow, pointing to the bombings of the World Trade Center ,and Oklahoma City and the Tokyo,to the gibibyte nerve gas attacks, in Tokyo in order to demonstrate that radicalsfunda cordialists of any religious denomination are capable of extreme acts of terrorism.Terrorism is an aggressive-hostile action which is mainly intended to harm and terrify civilians, in order to promote a particular aim, or with an the idea, which may be social political or other. The terrorist attacks, are now gaining major importance than wars in the news headlines worldwideTerrorism and its Effects on Mental HealthWhether its a massive attack or a single dreadfulhorrific act, the effects of psychological warfare are not restrictedlimited to the physical damage inflicted. Infact the primary objectivestead, the goal of these attacks is to inculcate a sense of fear which that is much greater than the actual threat itself. Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are revealedpublicized and interpreted.Typical reactions to major trauma on the individuals and communities are well-documented but the literature on the individual reactions to terrorist incidents is scarce. Most of the reactions at the initial phase following trauma are normal reactions and only few individuals display florid psychopathology. (Alexander and Klein, 2006).6Normal individual reactions to a terrorist attack are aflame Reactions shock, numbness, denial , fear, anxiety , helplessness, hopelessness.Cognitive dysfunctions as disorientation, confusion , invasive thoughts, images, memories ,hypervigilance (i.e. increased sense of risk),impaired concentration and memory.Changes in social interaction, like withdrawal ,irritability ,loss of trust and faith , avoidant behaviour (i.e. of any reminders of the event).Physical reactions as autonomic hyp erarousal , ,loss of energy. insomniaAutonomic hyper-arousal, insomnia, loss of energy.Emotional shock, numbness, denial, fear, anxiety helplessness, hopelessness.Cognitive disorientation, confusion, intrusive thoughts, images, memories.Hyper-vigilance, impaired concentration and memory.Social withdrawal, irritability, loss of trust and faith, avoidant behaviour (i.e. of any reminders of the event).These normal reactions comprise most of the core symptoms of PTSD, i.e. intrusive experiences, hyper-arousal and avoidant behaviour, as defined in the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (ICD-10 WHO, 1992).7 For a formal diagnosis of PTSD, such symptoms must be experienced for at least a few weeks. (The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV also necessitatesrequires that such symptoms mustto be present for one month. (American Psychiatric Association, 1994).8In addition the impact on individuals, terrorism has mass psycho genic impacts. Mass psychogenic illness has been defined asThe rapid spread of illness signs and symptoms bear on members of a cohesive group, originating from a nervous system disturbance involving excitation, loss or alteration of function whereby physical complaints that are exhibited unconsciously have no corresponding organic aetiology. (Bartholomew Wessely, 2002). 9As regards companionship reactions, they may present with distinct features. Tyhurst provides a three phase model of community response. (Tyhurst, 1951).10 In anatomy I, most individuals are liable to be stunned, numbed or even in denial. Denial was the commonly reported reaction among the office staff of Capital Hill, Washington DC following the anthrax scare in 2001. It took some time for the affectees to realize they might have been exposed to a toxic substance. North et al., 2005).11 Widespread panic is not a typical reaction (though widely depicted in disaster films, etc.). Approximately 10 per cent of dupe s are likely to panic, and this reaction is most likely when victims believe they are trapped and feel helpless. Durodie Wessely, 2002).12In the 1987 Kings Cross underground fire most passengers did not panic on the contrary, they sought out the usual methods of entry and exit. (Donald Canter, 1992).13 Similar personal reactions were observedgiven after the London terrorist incidents of July 2005. Hence the civil contingency planning clearly should not be based on ill-informed assumptions about human behaviour. Even in extreme situations human behaviour can be rational, altruistic, and even heroic.In Phase II which is the Recoil Phase, individuals hear to make sense of what has happened. They seek reunion with their common sources of support, e.g. families, friends and colleagues. Even makeshift groups may develop as individuals seek understanding and mutual support. During this period, the community develops a sense of order and control, and the concerned relief authorities can do a lot much to facilitate this step towards recovery..Phase III, the Recovery Phase is characterized by alternating episodes of adjustment and relapse and there may be some obvious examples of resilience and positive outcomes. Further comprehensive research studies must be A lot of research still needs to be done in order to understand how communities cope with chronic exposure to threat and adversity, but Jones and his colleagues have reassessed the social effects of air raids in Great Britain during the Second World War. They indicate a high level of civilian resilience developed during that period. (Jones et al., 2004).14 Similarly, law enforcement authorities have commented on the apparently low level of violence-related psychopathology reported in Northern Ireland during the Troubles.Clinical data is still not enough to identify It is unclear, as to what are the protective factors in these circumstances. Extensive denial, social cohesiveness, a united front against a common e nemy or some other as still undetermined influences could be termed as protective factors.Mental Health StudiesMental health research studies are conducted worldwide to explore the effects of terrorism both on the individuals and the community. Whereas some emphasize the psycho-pathological effects of terror (Galea, Ahern, Resnick et al., 2002),15 others focus on the human suffering, which is not resembling to psychiatric morbidity (Wessely 2003),16 and on community and cultural factors that enable people to endure the stressful event (Hobfoll, 2003).17 This conflict between two distinct approaches (Wessely, 2003) ishas yet to be tied. Any horrific event can affect people directly or indirectly even if they are not the targets. Hence the target of the interventions is not the individual victim only, but all the people more indirectly affected by the incidence. An impartial approach may be suitable. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued guidelines for action during emerg encies which seem to support such a stand (WHO, 2003).18Experiencing or witnessing a violent attack does not necessarily concoct that the individual will inevitably develop psychiatric morbidity (Curran, and Miller, 2001).19 After the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York City, it was observed thatIn the aftermath of terrorist attacks, many Americans regarded their agony as a normal reaction rather than a disorder needing psychiatric care. (Drus and Marcus, 2004).20Presently available data suggest that it takes more than the agent (e.g., threat to life) to lead to psychopathology. Indeed, the role of the environment is of significance, as a part of the epidemiological triangle that has been discarded by a greater focus on host-related factors (e.g., gender or age of the victim). ) A study on adults have recognized a group of factors, including religious beliefs, ideological commitment and social capital, that have protected communities which were passing exposed to terrorist at tacks (like the loss of dear ones, physical injuries and property damage etc). Ideology and religion may be used as a healing power, but also as a weapon. This is especially true in the Middle East region. (Solomon, and Laufer (2005)21 Shalev et al. Shalev,22 Tuval-Mashiach Hadar, 2004 Kaplan et al. Kaplan,23 Matar, Kamin, et al., 2005 Billig, Kohn, and Levav, 2004).24All the research data today gives hope that, by advancing research on the intellectual health effects of war-related activities will be conducive to the development of new techniques to counter the psycho-social aftermath of wars and other such traumatic events., Ppsychiatrists worldwide are joining the call by WHO member states to devise means to restore the psycho-pathological damage sustained by victimized populations. The World Psychiatric Association (WPA) has been ready in the recent Gaza Massacre,by giving an official statement. (See Mario Maj. statement in Chapter 1V -Wars in the Muslim World1).25Nonetheless On the other hand, psychiatrists could play other roles even at the risk of raising idealistic initiatives which cynics might like to dismiss. There are several possibilities open for psychiatrists who, by the nature of their profession can, besides promoting health, support quiet rather than war. Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals from countries in conflict could engage in alliance in a number of activities (e.g., teaching, exchange of experiences in class development and services, communication), while they are actively, tenaciously and continuously supported by WPA.Most importantly, psychiatrists must endeavour to make their societies even more ardently conscious that in armed confrontations no one is a winner but that everyone is a victim. The model of collaboration in the Balkans, where mental health is a bridge to reconciliation within the framework of the Stability Pact, is a concrete example of what could be achieved when a unifying language is spoken, a nd when such an effort is reinforced by dedicated support from sources that are not part of the conflict.Terrorism is a paradoxa topicalcontemporary, high-profile subject with clear relevance to the real-world today relevance, yetNevertheless with limited veritable(a) and desperate shortage of research data available es in the area. Therefield there is an urgent need to encourage the younger researchers to take a crafty n interest in continuing maintaining research activities .y in the area.Psycho-Social Effects of Terrorism on the Muslim WorldWhile naught is easier than to denounce the evildoer, nothing is more difficult than to understand him. (Mikhailovich Dostovsky)The Muslim World has endured a succession of terrorist attacks in the last decade and faced the war against terrorism with endurance and resilience. The countries most affected were Iraq, Gaza, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and particularly the FATA region in Pakistan which has been labelled as the centre of terrorist tra ining. Pakistan also became the first line of defense in this War on Terror. The most distressing aspect of this war is the amount of destruction, damage and killing of innocent civilians of these regions. Ironically the damage done following the declaration of this war is to a large extent much greater than the loss which resulted due to the actual terrorist incident of 9/11 in New York.The Muslims worldwide have confronted the worst full point of terrorism from the powers who claim to bring peace and justice in the world. It is logical and justifiable to control and battle against those who are involved in such degrade and inhumane acts of terrorism, however, some contemplation is necessary to remodel unreasonable and illogical methods or strategies chosen to fight this terrorism. The international media has been a major partner in this war against terrorism and played a key role in portraying religious extremism in Islam as the major cause of present-day terrorism. But this is untrue since Islam is primarily a religion of peace, love and harmony. Unfortunately, clerics who have limited knowledge of the teachings and values of the Islam have misguided some people for their vested interests. The misinterpretation of the teachings of Islam by irresponsible clerics has led to fanaticism.Islam is the most practical religion of the world. As narrated by Dr Muzammil H. Siddiqi26The concept of human rights in Islam is based on two important principles haughtiness of human beings and justice. Islam emphasizes that all human beings are honoured by Allah subhanahu wa taala. Allah wants all human beings to live in peace and harmony and for this reason He wants us to establish justice in this world. Without justice there is no dignity and without dignity and justice there cannot be any peace.There are several passages in the Holy Quran verifying the above narrationIf any do fail to judge by (the light of) what God (Allah) hath revealed, they are (no break down than) unbelievers. (Holy Quran 544).o ye who believe Stand out firmly for God (Allah), as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you disregard to wrong and depart from justice. Be just that is next to piety and fear God (Allah). For God (Allah) is well-acquainted with all that ye do. (Holy Quran 58).Human blood is sacred in any case and cannot be spilled without justification. Violating this rule is equivalent to killing all of humanityif anyone slew a person unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief in the land it would be as if he slew the whole people. (Quran 532).Hence the Holy Quran advocates that death of a single human being is a death of humanity. At present it is vital to understand that words terrorism and war against terrorism apparently seems to be propaganda against Islam and Muslims. Such perceptions against Islam and the Muslims have taken a toll on the social, psychological and emotional well-being of Muslims in different parts of the world. (Zafar, 2007).27Psycho-Social Impacts of Gaza Conflict On 31 January 2008, the Gaza Community Mental Health Programme (GCMHP) organized a Conference on Effects of Siege on Life and Mental Health of Palestinians in Gaza Strip. Taysir Diab, Clinical Psychiatrist and Supervisor at GCMHP, talked about the mental impacts of the siege based on GCMHPs experience. He stated that there It is not one, but were a group of bio-psycho social factors that which caused mental illness. Diab of these factors under the siege on Gaza and that the and its psychological, physical and social impacts of these factors were clinically identifiable. The siege, he said, had a direct effect on the mien of new psychiatricmental cases and the relapse of old ones.There are personal differences on the physical and psychological levels there are protective factors such as religion, patriotism, norms and values, as well as social support. All these factors along with others contributed in the protecti on of individuals.and the development of new mental illnesses in the Palestinian people.According to Diab, a vast majority of the Palestinian populations were suffering from symptoms of psychiatricmental disorders. He pointed out that the clients of GCMHPs Community Centers suffered from various psychological problems, including panic, insecurity views of insecurity, easily provoked aggressiveness, anger, easily provoked, psychosomatic disorders, depression, frustration, low morale, fear, sorry concentration, lack of belonging or affiliation, lack of confidence in self and others, emotional numbness,numbness, and PTSD symptoms., various physical complaint, Oobsessiveon-Ccompulsive Disorders were common, and there was a definite rise in illness relapses.rise in illness relapses.Diab further mentioned that the siege affected the vulnerable groups, in particular children who suffer increasingly from fear, panic, and at times apathylack the feeling of risks, tendency of sadness and in security feelings of insecurity., as well as Bbed-wetting and stutteringstuttering, was also a common presentation. He also pointed that the siege affected the mental health professionals in term of increasing their mental stresspressures and state of frustration, avoidance, nervousness, and professional burn-out.Furthermore, Ahmad Abu Tawahina, Senior Clinical Psychologist and Director General of GCMHP, statedmentioned that the major aimplan behind the siege imposed by Israel wasis to implantinstil panic and fear among the Palestinians citizens. He saidWe, as Palestinians, must never live a frustrating and despairing life and have to get rid of the negative impacts of siege since life goes on, and the professionals must exert all efforts in order to help people cope with the difficult situations.Twahina also stated that it was vital that Palestinians should not drown in terror and fear since most of the above mentioned symptoms are natural reactions to a madcrazy reality. He also a ddressed the concept of victimof victim psychology and commented on the importance of offering the mental services for people who suffer from frequent depressions, and increasing concerns. According to him the mental suffering affects everybody but at different levels, and that theere is depression, anxiety, tension, and despair is prevalent at the entirewhole community levels. In his work paper, .Samir Zaqout, a psychologist at GCMHP, discussedtalked about the social changes resulting from the siege. He statedadded thatthe siege started in 1948 when Israeli Occupation practiced siege policy in an attempt to deny the Palestinians their identityThe siege is doubled as it is imposed by Israel and the international community since they didnt allow the Palestinians to practice their rights in a democratic way.Further, Zaqout pointed that the siege affected the Palestinian social fabric and domestic relations as hatred and tendency of revenge increased among the Palestinians. It also aff ected the moral values and accepting the other as well as increasing inter and intra familial disputes and conflicts.Summing up the proceedings of the Conference Eyad el Sarraj pointed to the significance of highlighting such statistics and showing the direct impacts of the siege on the citizens. He stressed on the importance of the trueness and avoiding exaggeration in stating any statistics. Sarraj focused on the victim psychology. He saidSince we, as Palestinians, shouldnt adopt the role of victim, and exaggerate in blaming others and defaming ourselves. Our priority should be national reconciliation and unity and supporting the Palestinian resiliency so as to achieve our legitimate rights, endorsed by international conventions.Concluding the conference the mental health experts reiterated that it was crucial that the siege must end and professionals must undertake their roles in the field of education and mental health. This would be the first step in to bring some semblance of normality to the lives of the Gaza Community. This step was vital, in order to enable them to cope with negative consequences of the siege and minimize the resultant burdens. Moreover, it was agreed to work on the promotion of mental resilience programs for ending the siege and developing coping strategies to counter the negative mental health consequences.It was agreed that the Palestinian people are steadfast and live with dignity, and should not bend or despair and take matters positively and effectively in order to resist all schemes aiming at weakening Palestinian social fabric, and to achieve the Palestinian rights in freedom, independence and establishing the Palestinian state. Further, the attendants emphasized the importance of working, as specialists in various fields, on influencing the finish makers in the Palestinian society and acquaint them with the destructive impacts of the siege at all levels, especially the mental health of the future Palestinian generations.The physical and mental health needs of sufferers of Gaza are extremely challenging to address, particularly the psychological and emotional crises. During the last Israeli military strike in the period from December 2008 to January 2009, approximately 1380 Palestinians were killed, of whom 431 were children and 112 women. (United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) (2009). At least 5380 people were injured, including 1872 children and 800 women. In these improvised settings within health facilities such as maternity wards and operating theatres were change into trauma units. The consequences must be drastic in terms of maternal and child morbidity and mortality because 3500 deliveries were expected to have taken place during the cardinal days of military operations. Findings from a recent UNFPA assessment indicate that, during that period there was an increased number of miscarriages in pregnant women (Shifa, Al Aqsa, Naser, Rafah), and an increased neonatal mortality in Shifa Hospital i n Gaza City. (UNFPA, (2009).According to World Health Organization (WHO), only the rough estimates show that during the last Gaza crisis 25000 to 50000 people underwent severe mental stress and need some form of psychological intervention to address long-term effects. Women, separated children, elderly people, and people with prior physical or mental disabilities are at high risk of severe emotional distress than others. The restoration of normal socioeconomic conditions, secure living